Received October 26, 2020
Accepted May 01, 2021

Objective: To evaluate the newly formed epithelium that develops following a neovaginoplasty performed with Amniotic Membrane. Methods: A retrospective study conducted at the University Hospital of the Federal University, in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. A group of 33 patients with Vaginal Agenesis most of them amenorrheic, either incapable or having difficulty to perform sexual activity were separated in Subgroup A (27 patients) with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome, and Subgroup B (6 patients) with Androgenic Insensitivity Syndrome (Morris Syndrome). Result(s):Vaginal length was measured (vaginometry) before and after surgery. Before surgery, the vagina was absent in 5 patients (15.15%), vaginal length was 1 cm in 19 patients (57.58%) and in 9 patients (27.27%), it was between 2-3cm. After surgery, all patients had a vaginal length greater or equal to 5cm and, in 26 patients (78.8%), vaginal length was 7-8cm. Seven to eight centimeters average neovagina length allowed patients to have a satisfactory sexual activity after all the surgical procedures to dilate, widen and distend the neomucosa lining. The ERs presented different levels of intensity in the three layers of the neovaginal mucosa. TEM analysis of the vaginal neoepithelium obtained from the amniotic membrane graft revealed all the characteristics of a trophic vaginal epithelium. Conclusion(s): In a developing country like Brazil, neovaginoplasty with amniotic membrane graft is considered a great option, being an inexpensive, safe, and easy technique not requiring any special materials. After a few days (60-90 days) or months a new epithelium and vagina are obtained allowing patients to have proper sexual activity.