Received November 21, 2020
Accepted May 31, 2021

Objective: To compare pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing artificial reproductive treatment (ART) and fresh embryo transfer (ET) who received twice-daily vaginal progesterone capsule (Cyclogest) alone verses twice daily vaginal progesterone capsule (Cyclogest) plus weekly intramuscular Hydroxyprogesterone Capronate (Proluton depot) for luteal phase support. Methods: A retrospective cohort study that included 1162 patients who completed fresh ART/ET cycle from January 2015 till April 2018. Vaginal Cyclogest 400 mg twice-daily was given to 985 patients following oocytes retrieval; whereas 177 patients received weekly intramuscular Proluton depot 250 mg in addition to twice-daily Cyclogest. The primary outcome was live birth rate. The secondary outcomes included biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy, biochemical, and early and late pregnancy loss. Results: No difference was observed between the twice-daily vaginal progesterone and the addition of weekly intramuscular progesterone injections to the twice-daily vaginal progesterone regarding positive pregnancy test (40.5% and 46.9%, respectively, P = 0.112). There was no statistical difference in live birth rate between the groups (24% for group one, 26% for group two, P =0.582). Conclusions: The administration of weekly intramuscular progesterone in addition to twice-daily vaginal progesterone capsule for luteal phase support post ART cycle does not result in higher live birth rate.