Received January 27, 2021
Accepted August 01, 2021

Spontaneous hemothorax is a rare disorder, characterized by the presence of pleural fluid with hematocrit rate greater than 50% of the peripheral blood hematocrit, without natural or iatrogenic trauma to the lungs or pleural space. Since the first case of COVID-19, more than 85 million cases have been confirmed and most of the patients maintained symptoms after more than 6 months from the acute infection. Here we report a case of a 38-year-old woman patient with negative investigation for endometriosis, with a previous history of COVID-19 infection evolving with spontaneous hemothorax after oocyte retrieval. Three months before assisted reproductive treatment, the patient had a symptomatic COVID-19 infection, with a negative PCR test and a positive IgG four weeks later the symptoms. Controlled ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval were normally conducted. Two hours after the oocyte retrieval, the patient developed nausea and mild hypogastric pain. Ten hours after the procedure, the patient went to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain. A chest tomography was performed, which identified a moderate amount of pleural effusion on the right and laminar on the left. The drainage of the pleural fluid was chosen due to ongoing respiratory symptoms, which confirmed the presence of 400 ml of hemothorax on the right, after analyzing the liquid. After draining the fluid, the patient evolved with progressive improvement of the clinical and radiological setting, without other complications, being asymptomatic one week after the procedure.