Received April 25, 2021
Accepted October 31, 2021

Objective: Endometriosis is associated with infertility, even without an anatomical abnormality. Furthermore, the peritoneal (mild) phenotype of this disease is the most prevalent and linked to infertility. The present study aimed to investigate the p63 gene and protein expression in granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles in patients with endometriosis and infertility who were undergoing in vitro fertilization. Methods: Twenty-eight patients participated in the study and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of endometriosis. The assessment of the gene expression levels of the p63 gene was performed by real-time PCR (qPCR) using TaqMan assay, and the immunofluorescence technique was performed to verify p63 protein expression after IVF. Results: There was no significant difference between groups regarding age, hormone levels, oocyte standards, and p63 gene expression. The control group showed a RQ of 1.000 (0.431 to 2.323) and the study group showed a RQ of 0.725 (0.249 to 2.105), p>0.05. Both groups showed a weak expression of the p63 gene (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study described that endometriosis may not affect p63 gene expression. Moreover, after recruitment and follicular growth, we observed a weak expression of this protein, suggesting it is not part of oocyte maturation and development control.