Received July 19, 2021
Accepted January 29, 2022

With the discovery of embryonic DNA in spent embryo culture medium, non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing emerged. Considering that such methodology would be an important advance in assisted reproduction, this work aimed to evaluate the current scientific evidence base on the reliability of non-invasive chromosome screening, through a literature review. 14 original research articles were analyzed based on consultations in the databases: PubMed and Scielo, in English and Portuguese, published between 2016 and 2021 related to the topic. The agreement rate for ploidy compared to the traditional method ranged from 3.5% - 93.8% raising the discussion about the possible causes of this large variation, which may be due to the day of collection, contamination of spent culture media, amplification methodology or the cytogenetic method used by each author. We can conclude that the non-invasive test has many advantages over the traditional method, but that clinical replacement is not yet possible, and further studies are needed in order to have an accurate clinical test with the non-invasive methodology.