Received October 21, 2024
Accepted September 01, 2025

Objective: To explore whether post-embryo transfer (ET) air travel affects in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes, addressing the growing concern in medical tourism where patients frequently travel for fertility treatments. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a private fertility clinic in S�o Paulo, Brazil, analyzing 2135 embryo transfers between January 2019 and March 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: those who presumably traveled by airplane after ET (Group 2) and those who did not (Group 1). Data were analyzed for demographics, embryo transfer characteristics, and IVF outcomes. Relative risk was estimated using Poisson regression models, with adjustments made for age and treatment reasons. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 17.94% of patients traveled by plane post-ET. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of pregnancy rates (Group 1: 61.99%, Group 2: 62.14%, p=0.94), implantation rates (Group 1: 34.58%, Group 2: 38.65%, p=0.28), or miscarriage rates (Group 1: 28.51%, Group 2: 32.50%, p=0.32). Sub-analysis for single embryo transfers and top embryos also showed no statistical differences. Conclusion: Post-ET air travel does not appear to negatively impact IVF treatment outcomes. Further prospective studies are recommended to confirm these findings.