Received May 29, 2025
Accepted February 19, 2026

Objective: Varicocele is a prevalent condition among the male population, representing a significant cause of male infertility. Naringenin, a flavonoid, has demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Methods: In this study, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, sham group, a varicocele-induced rat (VCL) group, and a varicocele-with-Naringenin (20 mg/kg) treatment group (N20+C). Following a 21-day period, the rats were euthanized, and the quality of the tissue, the level of oxidative stress, the expression levels of HSP70, and the expression levels of the genes VEGF, BCL-2, caspase-3, and IL-6 in the testes were evaluated. Result: Based on H&E images, varicocele induced tissue damage that Naringenin improve the quality of tissue. The expression of HSP70 in VCl group increased in compare to Sham group and in N20+C group (p<0.001) was lower than VCL group (p<0.05). The MDA in VCL group increased and SOD and TAC decreased in compare to Control (p<0.01) and there was no significant difference between N20+C and Control group. In VCL group the expression of VEGF (p<0.05), caspase-3 (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p<0.001) genes increased and BCL-2 (p<0.05) decreased in compare to Control group. The expression of VEGF (p<0.05) and BCL-2 (p<0.05) increased and caspase-3 (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p<0.001) genes decreased in N20+C group in compared to VCL group. Conclusion: Naringenin has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in rats with varicocele. This finding suggests that naringenin may be a promising candidate for mitigating the adverse effects associated with varicocele.