Received July 19, 2016
Accepted April 07, 2017

This paper aimed to describe the basic aspects of uterine transplant (UTx) research in humans, including preliminary experiences in rodents and domestic species. Studies in rats, domestic species, and non-human primares validated and optimized the UTx procedure in terms of its surgical aspects, immunosuppression, rejection diagnoses, peculiarities of pregnancy in immunosuppressed patients, and patients with special uterine conditions. In animal species, the first live birth from UTx was achieved in a syngeneic mouse model in 2003. Twenty-five UTx procedures have been performed in humans. The first two cases were unsuccessful, but established the need for rigorous research to improve success rates. As a result of a controlled clinical study under a strictly designed research protocol, nine subsequent UTx procedures have resultes in six healthy live births, the first of them in 2014. Further failed UTx procedures have been performed in China, Czech Republic, Brazil, Germany, and the United States, most of which using living donors. Albeit still an experimental procedure in, UTx is the first potential alternative for the treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI).