Received November 11, 2016
Accepted March 02, 2017

In the last two decades, there has been an increase in the infertility diagnosis, therefore the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has turned more frequent in clinical practice and with it, the need to determine its long-term effects, including the risk of cancer. Many studies have attempted to answer this question achieving contradictory results. The objective of this review is to evaluate whether assisted reproductive technology is associated with an increased risk of gynecological cancer. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, TRIP DATABASE and NICE, and found 11 studies that included a total of 3900231 patients. Of these, 118320 were exposed to ART, and, 3781911 comprised the non-exposed group. The incidence of gynecological cancer in the exposed group was 0.6%, while the incidence in the non-exposed group was 2.1%. Taking all the studies into consideration, no greater risk of gynecological cancer was found in women exposed to ART, but rather a protective association.