Received February 05, 2017
Accepted June 16, 2017

Objective:To discuss the requirement of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), to assisted reproduction treatment patients undergo laboratory tests for ZIKV detection, and also if it’s prudent the public health authorities and government leaders recommendation to women simply avoid pregnancy. Methods:This study was performed in a university-affiliated In vitro fertilization center in Brazil. A critical discussion on the risk of microcephaly due to ZIKV infection and prevalence of others harmful pathogens to vulnerable pregnant women and infants was conducted. Moreover, 954 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (ICSI), between April and November of 2016, were evaluated concerning the results of ZIKV test, according to the region of Brazil. Results:Patients undergoing ICSI cycles were split into groups according with region origin: 28 (3.0%) were from the North, 27 (2.8%) were from the Northeast, 40 (4.2%) were from the Central West, 830 (87.2%) were from Southeast, and 29 (3.0%) were from the South. Concerning the diagnosis, 112 samples had a positive or inconclusive result for ZIKV by chromatography immunoassay. These samples were re-analyzed by ELISA and none result was positive. All positive results were from the Southeast region and none from the Northeast or Central West regions, which are considered endemic regions. Conclusion: ZIKV test before the beginning of assisted reproduction treatments does not exclude the risk of the infection during pregnancy. In addition, although ZIKV infection risk is extremely high, the microcephaly risk due to ZIKV is not higher than the risk of miscarriage and birth defects due to other recognized pathogens.