Infertility a ects nearly 20% of couples in reproductive age, and male factor of infertility is accountable for roughly half of the cases (Ricci et al., 2017). Despite signi cant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility, which allowed many men to have a biolog- ical child, the causes of many cases of male infertility are still unknown, thus hampering the use of tools to correct them.