Received June 19, 2019
Accepted December 19, 2019

Objective: Most of women suffering from tubal factor infertility do not have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, but rather of asymptomatic upper genital tract infection. Investigating the impacts of such infections, even in the absence of clinically confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease, is critical to the understanding of tubal factor of infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of endocervical bacteria is associated with tubal factors in women screened for infertility. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was recorded 245 women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG) and screening for endocervical colonization by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, as part of routine female infertility investigation between 2016 and 2017. Results: The prevalence of endocervical bacterial colonization by Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealíticum, Mycoplasma hominis and other bacteria corresponded to 3.7%, 9.0%; 5.7% and 9.8% respectively. Colonization by Neisseria gonorrhea was not detected. The prevalence of tubal factor was significatively higher in patients with positive endocervical bacteria colonization, regardless of bacterial species. When evaluating bacteria species individually, women positive for endocervical Mycoplasma hominis had significantly higher rates of tubal factor. Associations between endocervical bacterial colonization and tubal factor infertility were confirmed by multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and duration of infertility. Conclusion: Besides the higher prevalence of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infectious agents, the findings of this study suggest the possible association of endocervical bacterial colonization - not only for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea, but also for Mycoplasma species with tubal performance.