| Table 2. Sperm morphology determined after selection by three semen processing techniques: migration-sedimentation (SS), swim-up from fresh sample (SF), and swim-up from washed sample (SL), expressed as mean ± SEM. | ||||
| Parameters | Fresh semen | SF | SL | SS |
| Normal (%) | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 * | 5.5 ± 0.8 |
| Piriform | 9.0 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 11.9 |
| Elongated | 14.9 | 14.8 | 11.4 | 13.6 |
| Macrocephalic | 3.3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
| Microcephalic | 2.0 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.5 |
| Amorphous | 7.5 | 7.9 | 9.4 | 7.7 |
| Vacuoles | 27.4 | 26.6 | 26.6 | 27.9 |
| Midpiece defects | 26.7 | 29.5 | 28.0 | 27.4 |
| Tail defects | 8.6 | 7.0 | 10.3 | 7.5 |
| *. statistically different (P< 0.05). | ||||