Table 2. Semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, and OR by age
Semen parameters	OR (95% CI)	P value
Volume
31 to 40 years	0.821 (0.464 - 1.450)	0.497
41 to 50 years	1.332 (0.749 - 2.369)	0.328
Over 50 years	2.204 (1.118 - 4.334)	0.022
Sperm concentration
31 to 40 years	0.987 (0.576 - 1.690)	0.962
41 to 50 years	1.188 (0.685 - 2.060)	0.538
Over 50 years	1.188 (0.685 - 2.060)	0.027
Total sperm count
31 to 40 years	2.462 (0.985 - 6.150)	0.054
41 to 50 years	2.926 (1.160 - 7.381)	0.023
Over 50 years	6.151 (2.261 - 16.738)	<0.0001
Sperm motility (A + B)
31 to 40 years	3.241 (1.175 - 8.940)	0.023
41 to 50 years	5.243 (1.892 - 14.526)	0.001
Over 50 years	11.911 (4.045 - 35.073)	<0.0001
Sperm morphology
31 to 40 years	1.810 (0.433 - 7.556)	0.416
41 to 50 years	2.395 (0.567 - 10.119)	0.235
Over 50 years	3.223 (0.654 - 15.866)	0.150
DNA sperm fragmentation
31 to 40 years	1.243 (0.364 - 4.240)	0.728
41 to 50 years	1.388 (0.399 - 4.829)	0.606
Over 50 years	4.583 (1.167 - 17.999)	0.029
OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval * Parameters were dichotomized in reference to the cutoffs defined by the WHO to categorize findings as normal or anomalous.