| Table 1. Demographic information and comparison of the frequency of the pregnancy-related variables between two groups, i.e., Natural pregnancy and ART-induced pregnancy. | |||||||
| Variables | All cases (n=2857) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural pregnancy [n=2577 (90.2%)] |
ART-induced pregnancy [n=280 (9.8%)] |
p | Classification of ART cases based on the causes of infertility | ||||
| Male factor | Female factor | Other | Both | ||||
| AGE [n(%)]
< 25 25≥ ≤35 > 35 |
324 (12.57) 1625 (63.06) 628 (24.37) |
14 (5) 162 (57.86) 104 (37.14) |
<0.001a | 7 (2.50) 63 (22.50) 28 (10) |
1 (0.36) 30 (10.72) 24 (8.57) |
6 (2.14) 60 (21.43) 42 (15) |
0 9 (3.21) 10 (3.57) |
| BMI [n(%)] < 18 18-24.9 25-29.9 30-40 |
Missed data: 26 72 (2.80) 1185 (45.98) 771 (29.92) 523 (20.30) |
Missed data: 6 6 (2.14) 107 (38.21) 106 (37.86) 55 (19.64) |
<0.001 | 3 (1.07) 36 (12.86) 38 (13.57) 18 (6.43) |
1 (0.36) 21 (7.50) 22 (7.86) 10 (3.57) |
1 (0.36) 43 (15.36) 39 (13.93) 24 (8.57) |
1 (0.36) 7 (2.50) 7 (2.50) 3 (1.07) |
| Have child with cardiac disease [n(%)]
No Yes |
2382 (92.43) 195 (7.57) |
280 (100) 0 |
<0.001 | 98 (35) 0 |
55 (19.64) 0 |
108 (38.57) 0 |
19 (6.79) 0 |
| Increased NT [n(%)]
No Yes |
2365 (91.77) 212 (8.23) |
272 (97.14) 8 (2.86) |
<0.001 | 96 (34.29) 2 (0.71) |
54 (19.29) 1 (0.36) |
104 (37.14) 4 (1.42) |
18 (6.43) 1 (0.36) |
| Extra-cardiac anomalies in ultrasound [n(%)]
No Yes |
2022 (78.46) 555 (21.54) |
268 (95.71) 12 (4.29) |
<0.001 | 94 (33.57) 4 (1.43) |
52 (18.57) 3 (1.07) |
103 (36.78) 5 (1.79) |
19 (6.79) 0 |
| Type of extra-cardiac anomalies:
No obvious non-cardiac anomalies CPC SUA Cardiac echogenic focus Pyelectasis Echogenic Bowel CPC + SUA Cardiac echogenic focus +CPC Pyelectasis +CPC Cardiac echogenic focus +SUA Echogenic Bowel + SUA Cardiac echogenic focus + Pyelectasis Cardiac echogenic focus+ Pyelectasis + echogenic bowel |
2021 (78.42) 234 (9.08) 58 (2.25) 177 (6.87) 45 (1.75) 6 (0.23) 2 (0.08) 11 (0.43) 14 (0.54) 2 (0.08) 1 (0.04) 5 (0.19) 1 (0.04) |
268 (95.71) 3 (1.07) 1 (0.36) 6 (2.14) 1 (0.36) 0 0 0 1 (0.36) 0 0 0 0 |
<0.001 0.06 <0.01 0.13 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... |
94 (33.57) 0 1 (0.36) 1 (0.36) 1 (0.36) 0 0 0 1 (0.36) 0 0 0 0 |
52 (18.57) 0 0 3 (1.07) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
103 (36.79) 3 (1.07) 0 2 (0.71) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
19 (6.78) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
| Mother’s diabetes
No Yes |
2272 (88.16) 305 (11.84) |
253 (90.36) 27 (9.64) |
0.32 | 88 (31.43) 10 (3.57) |
48 (17.14) 7 (2.50) |
98 (35) 10 (3.57) |
19 (6.79) 0 |
| Mother’s rheumatic diseases
No Yes |
2540 (98.56) 37 (1.44) |
279 (99.64) 1 (0.36) |
0.22 | 97 (34.64) 1 (0.36) |
55 (19.64) 0 |
108 (38.57) 0 |
19 (6.79) 0 |
| Major cardiac anomaly
No Yes Mild cardiac anomaly |
1432 (55.57) 34 (1.32) 1111 (43.11) |
136 (48.57) 0 144 (51.43) |
0.08 0.009 |
57 (20.36) 0 41 (14.64) |
23 (8.21) 0 32 (11.43) |
48 (17.14) 0 60 (21.43) |
8 (2.86) 0 11 (3.93) |
| Fetal Non-major Cardiac Anomalies
no VSD ASD Arrhythmia VSD + ASD VSD + Arrhythmia VSD + ASD |
1503 (58.32) 1045 (40.55) 3 (0.12) 20 (0.78) 1 (0.04) 5 (0.19) 0 |
137 (48.93) 140 (50) 0 0 0 2 (0.71) 1 (0.36) |
0.003 0.67 0.27 0.17 0.30 0.17 |
57 (20.35) 40 (14.29) 0 0 0 1 (0.39) 0 |
24 (8.57) 31 (11.07) 0 0 0 0 0 |
48 (17.14) 58 (20.71) 0 0 0 1 (0.36) 1 (0.36) |
8 (2.86) 11 (3.93) 0 0 0 0 0 |
| Fetal echocardiographs
Medical indication by parents |
1987 (77.10) 590 (22.90) |
195 (69.64) 85 (30.36) |
0.006 | 63 (22.50) 35 (12.50) |
41 (14.64) 14 (5) |
76 (27.14) 32 (11.43) |
15 (5.36) 4 (1.43) |
a: Comparison of pregnancy frequency in different age ranges
ART= Assisted reproductive technology.
BMI= Body mass index
NT= Nuchal thickness
CPC= Choroid plexus cysts
SUA= Single umbilical cord artery
VSD: Ventricular septal defect
ASD: Atrial septal defect