Table 4. ICSI newborn outcomes of patients with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome using fresh and frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa.
Parameters TESE/ICSI p value Total
Fresh sperm Cryopreserved sperm
Cycles (n) 25 22 - 47
Embryo transfer cycles (n) 23 2 - 44
Newborn (/ETC) (rate, n) 65.2 (15/23) 23.8 (5/21) 0.006 45.5 (20/44)
Male (/NB) (rate, n) 26.7 (4/15) 40 (2/5) 0.573 30 (6/20)
Female (/NB) (rate, n) 73.3 (11/15) 60 (3/5) 0.573 70 (14/20)
NB malformations (/NB) (rate, n) 0 0 - 0
EN death (/ETC) (n, rate) (≤ 7 days after birth) 4.3 (1/23) 0 - 2.3 (1/44)
Gestational age (mean ± SD, range) 37.9±1.7 (34-40) 37.0±2.9 (34-40) 0.444 37.7±2.0 (34-40)

TESE=testicular sperm extraction
ICSI=intracytoplasmic sperm injection
TESE/ICSI-fresh sperm=TESE/ICSI cycles using fresh testicular sperm
TESE/ICSI-cryopreserved sperm=TESE/ICSI cycles using cryopreserved testicular sperm
ETC=embryo transfer cycles, NB=newborn
EN death=early neonatal death.
Significant differences (p<0.05) between TESE/ICSI with fresh sperm and TESE/ICSI with cryopreserved sperm.