Table 2. Characteristics and outcomes of ICSI cycles.
Parameter Abstinence period p-value
Group 1a (n=37) Group 2a (n=170) Group 3a (n=392) Group 4a (n=253) Group 5a (n=102) Group 6a (n=49)
Semen volume (mL) 2.6±1.4c 2.9±1.5b 3.4±1.5cb 3.4±1.5cb 3.6±1.5cb 3.6±1.7c <0.0001
Total sperm count 118±126c 139±117b 160±134 157±115 196±127 213±158cb 0.005
Sperm concentration 46±41 52±37 49±30 50±32 49±30 61±36 0.1
Total sperm motility (%) 51±18 51±20 54±19 51±20 48±20 54±19 0.05
Progressive motility of sperm (%) 41±21 41±19 43±19 42±19 40±20 44±20 0.6
Sperm morphology (%) 1.8±2.3 2.1±2.0 2.3±2.0 2.2±1.9 2.6±2.2 2.2±2.0 0.2
No. oocytes aspirated 8.8±6.5 8.2±6.2 8.4±5.9 7.8±6.1 8.3±5.8 8.6±6.3 0.5
No. oocytes injected 6.8±5.3 6.4±4.8 6.6±4.9 6.3±5.1 6.4±4.1 6.9±5.4 0.8
No. oocytes fertilized 4.4±3.7 4.6±3.8 4.7±3.7 4.3±4.1 4.6±3.3 5.0±4.6 0.4
No. embryos transferred 1.6±0.5 1.9±0.4 1.8±0.5 1.9±0.4 1.9±0.5 1.7±0.5 0.03
Fertilization rate (%) 66±32 72±30 73±27 68±32 67±29 69±32 0.4
Cleavage-stage embryo rate (%) 89±29 91±25 92±22 91±23 92±24 93±16 0.8
Biochemical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer N (%) 8 (29.1) 35 (29.4) 90 (30.2) 58 (30.0) 24 (32.4) 11 (27.8) 0.9
Clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer N (%) 8 (29.2) 30 (25.2) 84 (28.1) 52 (26.9) 23 (31.1) 11 (27.8) 0.9

Data were presented as mean ± SD or frequency (percentage).
a The ICSI cycles were divided into six groups based on days of abstinence period: Group 1: 1 day abstinence, Group 2: 2 days abstinence, Group 3: 3 days abstinence, Group 4: 4 days abstinence, Group 5: 5 days abstinence, Group 6: 6-10 days abstinence
b,c Values with the same superscript in a row were significantly different.