Table 2. Methodological Quality of Cross-sectional Studies (Newcastle Ottawa Scale).
Study Newcastle Ottawa Scale-items Score
Criteria
Selection Comparability 1a Results Total
1 2 3 4 1 2 3
Yang et al ., 2010 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7
Tuckerman et al ., 2010 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 6
Karami et al ., 2012 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Zhou et al ., 2012 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Junovich et al ., 2013 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 6
Ozkan et al ., 2014 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Liu et al ., 2014 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Saifi et al ., 2014 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Chernyshov et al ., 2014 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Santillán et al ., 2015 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Dons’koi, 2015 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Galgani et al ., 2015 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Saifi et al ., 2016 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Wang et al ., 2017 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6
Yin et al ., 2017 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Jiang et al ., 2017 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6
Kuon et al ., 2017 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Fukui et al ., 2017 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6
Chen et al ., 2017 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Chen et al ., 2018 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Kolanska et al ., 2019 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6
Liu et al ., 2019 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Koushaeian et al ., 2019 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Donoghue et al ., 2019 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Zhao et al ., 2020 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Amjadi et al ., 2020 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 6
Sauerbrunn-Cutler et al ., 2021 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
Comins-Boo et al ., 2021 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Zhao et al ., 2021 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 6
Kuroda et al ., 2021 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Dons’koi et al ., 2021 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6

Selection 1: Representativeness of the exposed cohort; Selection 2: Selection of the unexposed cohort; Selection 3: Exposure determination; Selection 4: Demonstration that the result of interest was not present in the baseline; Comparability 1a and 1b: Comparability of cohorts based on design or analysis; Results 1: Results assessment; Results 2: Follow-up of cohorts; Results 3: Adequacy of cohort follow-up.