Table 3. Immunological profile of patients with peripheral blood collection.
Author Collection Day Number of Patients Control Group Age (Average) Cytokine panel Immune Cells
Yang et al., 2010 - 18 RIF group
17 RAR group		 Fertile women RIF (35.6 years)
RAR (35.1 years)		 No significant differences ↑ CD154+
↑ CD69+
Karami et al., 2012 - 20 RIF group
23 RAR group		 Fertile women RIF (31.5 years)
RAR (30 years)		 - ↑ CD56+
Zhou et al., 2012 - 34 non-pregnant women Pregnant 32.4 years - ↓ CD4+;
↓ FoxP3
Junovich et al., 2013 After LH peak (5-9 days) 26 fertile group Fertile women - ↓ IL-6 No significant differences
Ozkan et al., 2014 Cycle (21 day) 80 infertile group Fertile women 30.2 years ↓SOCS3;↓IL-35;↓IL-4;
↑ IFN-γ;↑ IL-17;↑ TGFβ;
↑ IL-6;↑ TNF-α;↑ IL-10		 -
Saifi et al., 2014 Cycle (19-23 days) 20 RAR group Fertile women - ↑ IL-17;↓ TGFβ -
Chernyshov et al., 2014 Cycle (17-23 days) 75 failure to conceive group
18 abortion group		 Conception group 23-35 years - ↑CD56+; ↑CD158a+;
↑CD4+; ↑CD8+
Santillán et al., 2015 After LH peak (5-9 days) 73 RIF group Fertile women - - ↑ CD56+
Dons’koi, 2015 - 90 non-pregnant group Conception group 28.2 years - ↑ T CD3+
↑ T CD8+
Saifi et al., 2016 Cycle (19-23 days) 20 RPL group Fertile women 30.72 years ↓ IL-10 -
Jiang et al., 2017 After LH peak (7-9 days) 32 RIF group Fertile women 32 years - ↓ CD45+
Yin et al., 2017 Cycle (3-5 days) 56 RIF women Fertile women 34,9 years ↑ IFN-γ;↑ TNF-α No significant differences
Fukui et al., 2017 - 34 RIF group
28 RAR group		 Fertile women RIF (35.3 years)
RAR (33.8 years)		 - ↓ NKp46
Kolanska et al., 2019 - 41 RIF group
54 RAR group		 Fertile women RIF (36.3 years)
RAR (36.3 years)		 - No significant differences
Liu et al., 2019 Luteal phase (7-9 days) 7 RIF group
20 RAR group		 Fertile women RIF (31.1 years)
RAR (33.3 years)		 - No significant differences
Koushaeian et al., 2019 - 23 RIF group Fertile women 39.9 years ↓ IL-10 No significant differences
Kuroda et al., 2021 - 79 RIF group
81 RAR group
40 infertile group		 Fertile women RIF (37.6 years)
RAR (38 years)
Infertile (35.4 years)		 - ↑ Th1
Dons’koi et al., 2021 Implementation phase (16-20 days) 57 RIF group Fertile women 29.5 years - ↑ NKp46+
Comins-Boo et al., 2021 - 25 RIF group
58 RAR group		 Fertile women RIF (36.0 years)
RAR (36.9 years)		 - ↓ NKp46+

CD: Cluster of Differentiation; RIF: Recurrent Implantation Failure; RAR: Recurrent Abortion Rates; LH: Luteinizing Hormone; Th: Helper T Cells; NKp: Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor Protein; and - : not available.