Table 5

Sperm parameters	PM2.5 exposure (Mean value )	Correlation coefficient	p-value
Table 5. Correlation of monthly mean ambient PM 2.5 (µg/m³) concentration between 2019 and 2021 and sperm parameters in different periods of exposure (Group 2; n=431).
Concentration (M/ml)	On time	0.018	0.72
	1-month lag	-0.012	0.80
	2-months lag	-0.122	0.011^*
	3-months lag	-0.122	0.012^*
Total motile sperm (%)	On time	0.098	0.043^*
	1-month lag	-0.009	0.86
	2-months lag	-0.100	0.038^*
	3-months lag	-0.142	0.003^*
Progressive motility (%)	On time	0.107	0.026^*
	1-month lag	0.019	0.7
	2-months lag	-0.068	0.16
	3-months lag	-0.113	0.003^*
Normal morphology (%)	On time	0.155	0.002^*
	1-month lag	0.059	0.25
	2-months lag	-0.088	0.08
	3-months lag	-0.148	0.004^*

# 1-month lag : semen analysis 1 month following PM2.5 exposure
2-months lag : semen analysis 2 months following PM2.5 exposure
3-months lag : semen analysis 3 months following PM2.5 exposure