Table 3. Additional questions about reproductive health problems among the male population of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Question Yes No
Have you had infections of the genital organs or inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system before getting infected with COVID-19? 14% 86%
Do you consume substances such as alcohol or drugs that may have negative consequences for reproductive health? 33% 67%
Have you or your family members experienced cases of hypogonadism, genetic, or congenital defects of the reproductive system? 9% 91%
Have you undergone surgeries or observations related to the reproductive system? 6% 94%
Are you taking any medications that affect reproductive health? 25% 75%
Do you believe that the stress caused by COVID-19 can affect reproductive health? 84% 16%
Do you frequently experience stress in your daily life? 66% 34%
Have you had consultations or treatment related to reproductive health disorders? 21% 79%
Do you have chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular diseases? 25% 75%
Are you aware of the availability of medical services or programmes related to men’s reproductive health? 6% 94%

Source: compiled by the authors.