| 1985 |
USA |
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. |
Microbiological culture medium |
Postpartum endometritis |
Gibbs et al. (1985) |
| 1985 |
Finland |
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus agalactiae |
Microbiological culture medium |
Salpingitis |
Paavonen et al. (1985) |
| 1986 |
USA |
Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides bivius, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus sp., Peptococcus sp., Bacteroides fragilis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus morbillorum and Staphylococcus aureus |
|
Postpartum fever |
Rosene et al. (1986) |
| 1986 |
USA |
Staphylococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Eubacterium sp., Peptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Clostridium botulinum, Bacteroides sp., Fusobacterium sp. and Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Microbiological culture medium |
Longer hospital stay |
Williams et al. (1987) |
| 1990 |
USA |
Clamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma sp., ureaplasma urealyticum, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides bivius and Bacteroides fragilis |
|
- |
Martens et al. (1990) |
| 1991 |
USA |
Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis |
Microbiological culture medium, gram stain and gas-liquid chromatography |
Postpartum endometritis |
et al. (1991) |
| 1992 |
USA |
Escherichia coli, Citrobacter sp., Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium sp., Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus viridans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoe and Chlamydia trachomatis |
Microbiological culture medium, gram stain and gas-liquid chromatography |
Postpartum endometritis |
Apuzzio et al. (1992) |
| 1993 |
Wales |
Prevotella melaninogenica |
Microbiological culture medium |
Endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian and pelvic abscesses |
Duerden (1993) |
| 1995 |
USA |
Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Microbiological culture medium |
Postpartum endometritis |
Andrews et al. (1995) |
| 1996 |
USA |
Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis and Prevotella bívia |
Microbiological culture medium |
Salpingitis |
Hillier et al. (1996) |
| 1998 |
USA |
Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis |
Microbiological culture medium |
Endometritis in the proliferative phase |
Korn et al. (1998) |
| 1999 |
Finland |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
PCR |
- |
Paukku et al. (1999) |
| 1999 |
Israel |
Mycoplasma sp. |
Microbiological culture medium |
Postpartum endometritis |
Sherman et al. (1999) |
| 1999 |
Puerto Rico |
Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli |
Microbiological culture medium |
Postpartum endometritis and intra-amniotic infection |
Krohn et al. (1999) |
| 2001 |
USA |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
PCR |
- |
Mount et al. (2001) |
| 2002 |
Finland |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis |
Microbiological culture medium |
Severe abdominal pain and embryo implantation failures |
Eckert et al. (2002) |
| 2002 |
USA |
Mycoplasma genitalium |
PCR |
Mild or moderate abdominal pain |
Cohen et al. (2002) |
| 2003 |
Israel |
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Enterobacter sp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp. and Proteus mirabilis |
Microbiological culture medium |
Premature birth |
Chaim et al. (2003) |
| 2004 |
USA |
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella buccae, Preveotella sp., Bacteroides ureolyticus, Bacteroides merdae, Bacteroides sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium sp., Veillonella sp., Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus magnus, Peptostreptococcus prevottii, Peptostreptococcus tetradius, Peptococcus niger and Peptostreptococcus sp. |
Microbiological culture medium |
Bacterial vaginosis |
Haggerty et al. (2004) |
| 2006 |
USA |
Trichomonas vaginalis |
Microbiological culture medium and PCR |
Acute endometritis |
Cherpes et al. (2006) |
| 2006 |
Germany |
Enterococcus sp. and Peptostreptococcus magnus |
Microbiological culture medium |
Xanthogranulomatous endometritis |
Noack et al. (2006) |
| 2008 |
Switzerland |
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium |
Microbiological culture medium and PCR |
- |
Cicinelli et al. (2008) |
| 2009 |
Switzerland |
Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Microbiological culture medium and PCR |
Endometritis |
Cicinelli et al. (2009) |
| 2013 |
USA |
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. |
Blood culture |
Endometritis, chorioamnionitis and urosepsis |
Cape et al. (2013) |
| 2014 |
Italy |
Mycoplasma sp., Ureaplasma sp. and Chlamydia sp. |
Microbiological culture medium and PCR |
Recurrent miscarriage |
Cicinelli et al. (2014) |
| 2014 |
Türkiye |
Mycoplasma sp. and Ureaplasma sp. |
MycoView - molecular test PCR-based |
Abnormal implantation of the placenta, placent previa and endometritis |
Aydogan et al. (2014)< |
| 2015 |
Italy |
Mycoplasma sp. and Ureaplasma urealyticum |
Immunoassay and RT - PCR |
Impaired endometrial receptivity and implantation failure |
Cicinelli et al. (2015) |
| 2016 |
USA |
Sneathia sanguinegens, Leptotrichia amnionii, Atopobium vaginae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
PCR |
Bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, subsequent infertility |
Haggerty et al. (2016) |
| 2017 |
Belgium |
Leptotrichia amnionii |
PCR |
Postpartum endometritis |
Masschaele et al. (2018) |
| 2018 |
Italy |
Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Mycoplasma sp. and Ureaplasma sp. |
Molecular microbiology |
- |
Moreno et al. (2018) |
| 2018 |
USA |
Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
PCR |
- |
et al. (2018) |
| 2018 |
USA |
Mycoplasma genitalium |
PCR |
Endometritis and vaginal bacteremia |
Taylor et al. (2018) |
| 2018 |
USA |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
Microbiological culture medium and PCR |
Premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, endometritis and intrauterine fetal death |
Olson-Chen et al. (2018) |
| 2020 |
USA |
Trichomonas vaginalis |
Microscopy |
Persistent endometritis, infertility, recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), chronic pelvic pain, lower pregnancy and live birth rates |
Wiringa et al. (2020) |
| 2021 |
Egypt and Kuwait |
Mycoplasmas hominis, Ureaplasma sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus bovis, Staphylococcus Haemolyticus and Candida albicans |
Microbiological culture medium and staining immunohistochemistry |
Recurrent miscarriage |
Farghali et al. (2021) |
| 2021 |
Spain |
Ralstonia sp. and Gardnerella sp. |
PCR |
- |
Lozano et al. (2021) |
| 2021 |
China (Nanchang) |
Gardnerella sp. |
Sequencing new generation |
Implantation failure in IVF patients |
Chen et al. (2021) |
| 2022 |
Japan |
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sp. Staphylococcus sp., Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma sp. and Mycobacterium sp. |
PCR |
- |
Kitaya et al. (2022) |
| 2022 |
Japan |
Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus sp. and Atopobium sp. |
Sequencing new generation |
Unexplained infertility |
Tanaka et al. (2022) |
| 2023 |
China |
Staphylococcus, Gardnerella, Atopobium, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Chlamydia, Fusobacterium, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus uteri, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Argyromonas, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Escherichia |
Pathological examination and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing |
Infertility, Chronic endometritis and Endometrial polyps |
Liang et al. (2023) |