Table 4. Literature survey on sperm retrieval successes according to the number of PESA combined with TESA performed in men with obstructive azoospermia.
Study (Year) n PESA n TESA n Overall Adequate sperm retrieval rate for ICSI n (%) Overall TESA Rescue
n (%)
1st PESA
n (%)
Rescue with TESA
n (%)
2nd PESA
n (%)
Rescue with TESA
n (%)
3rd PESA
n (%)
Rescue with TESA
n (%)
4th PESA
n (%)
Glina et al. (2003) 58 79 14 65/79 (82) 14/14 (100) 47/58 (81) 11/11 (100) 13/15 (87) 2/2 (100) 4/5 (80) 1/1 (100) 11/1 (100)
Rosenlund et al. (1998) 27 58 6 52/58 (90) 6/6 (100) 20/22 (91) 2/2 (100) 24/27 (89) 3/3 (100) 6/7 (86) 1/1 (100) 100 (2/2)
Pasqualotto et al. (2003) 19 22 - - - - - 8/22 (37.5) - - - -