| Table 2. Biomarkers analyzed in granulosa cells: a summary review results for oocyte evaluation in assisted reproductive technologies. | |||||
| Study | Study design | Oocyte quality predictor | Samples size | Main outcomes | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bouckenheimer et al. (2018) | Retrospective with prospective validation | GC and MII oocytes lncRNAs | MII oocytes (n=10), GC (n=10) from human samples (n=135) | lncRNAs BCAR4, TUNAR, CASC8, C3orf56, LINC01118, and OOEP-AS1 were unique to MII oocytes, whereas ANXA2P2, IL6STP1, and MALAT1 were exclusive to GC | <0.05 |
| Scarica et al. (2019) | Prospective exploratory | PTGS2; CAMK1D; HAS2; STC1; EFNB2 | GC (n=75) from ART patients (n=18) | CAMK1D, PTGS2, and HAS2 levels were lower in GC isolated from oocytes resulting in developmental arrest compared to reaching the blastocyst stage | 0.01, 0.05, 0.03 resp. |
| Karabulut et al. (2020) | Prospective cohort | Hsp70; Tgf-β; Notch 1 | GC from ICSI patients (n=166) | Hsp70 and Notch1 were lower expressed in the HOS group |
0.0026, 0.0047 resp |
| Shen et al. (2020) | Prospective observational | PFKP; PKM2; LDHA; GFPT; HAS2; VCAN; TNFAIP6; PTGS2; PTX3; SDC4 | GC (n=354) from women (n=48) | GC PFKP expression from mature oocytes was higher than those from immature oocytes | 0.014 |
| Uppangala |
Prospective | P53; HSP70; OGG1 | GC from ART patients (n=30) | P53, HSP70, and OGG1 expression in GC was elevated in poor responders | <0.05-0.01 |
| Wyse et al. (2020) | Prospective cohort | Transcriptomic signatures | GC from IVF/ICSI patients (n=18) | Transcriptomic signatures representing GC of different maturity had 1818 DEGs; GC encapsulating mature oocytes had 2407 fewer transcripts detected than in GC of immature oocytes | NA |
| Cecchino et al. (2021) | Prospective |
Bioenergetic |
GC from IVF/ICSI Patients (n=127) | GC from > 35 women had lower mitochondrial respiration, aerobic glycolysis, and cellular energy charge | 0.046, 0.009, 0.001, resp. |
| Daei-Farshbaf et al. (2021) | Retrospective with prospective validation | PPP3 | GC from ICSI patients (n=20) | PPP3CB expression level was elevated in GC of fertilized MII oocytes compared to immature and unfertilized MII oocytes | ≤0.05 |
| Martins et al. (2022) | Laboratory based |
Proand antiinflammatory mediators | GC from ART patients undergoing ovarian stimulation (n=32) | Pro-resolving mediators produced by M1 and M2 macrophages in GC can partially reverse ovarian inflammation by increasing the expression of 12-LOX and COX-2, resp. | <0.05 |
12-LOX: 12-lipoxygenase; ART: assisted reproductive technology; CAMK1D: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; EFNB2: ephrin-B2; GC: granulosa cells; GFPT: glutamine fructose-6- phosphate transaminase; GH: growth hormone; HAS2: hyaluronan synthase 2; HOS: high oxidative stress; Hsp70: Heat shock protein 70; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IL6STP1: interleukin 6 signal transducer pseudogene 1; IVF: sin vitro fertilization; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; lncRNAs: long non-coding RNAs; MALAT1: metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; MII: metaphase II; NA: not applicable; Notch1: notch homolog 1; OGG1: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1; P53: tumor protein 53; PFKP: phosphofructokinase platelet; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M2; PPP3: protein phosphatase 3; PTGS2: prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2; PTX3: pentraxin 3; SDC4: syndecan 4; STC1: stanniocalcin 1; TAS: Total Antioxidant Status; Tgf-β: Transforming growth factor-beta; TNFAIP6: tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6; VCAN: versican.