Table 4. Assessment of the confidence in the body of evidence (certainty of evidence).
Study Initial Confidence Decreasing Increasing Final Confidence
Alexander et al., 1996 Low Yes, 2 Yes, 2 low
Alexander et al., 1998 Low Yes, 1 Yes, 2 Moderate
Bonde et al., 2014 Low Yes, 1 Yes, 3 moderate
Eibensteiner et al., 2005 Low Yes, 1 Yes, 1 low
Farag et al., 2024 Low Yes, 1 Yes, 2 Moderate
Hovatta et al., 1998 Low Yes, 1 Yes, 2 Moderate
Hsu et al., 2009 Low Yes, 1 Yes, 2 Moderate
Kasperczyk et al., 2008 Moderate Yes, 1 Yes, 2 Moderate
Kuo et al., 1997 Moderate Yes, 2 Yes, 1 Low
Mahmoud et al., 2005 Moderate Yes, 1 Yes, 1 Moderate
Moran-Martinez et al., 2013 Moderate Yes, 1 Yes, 1 Moderate
Naha and Chowdhury, 2006 Moderate N0 Yes, 1 High
Naha and Manna, 2007 Moderate N0 Yes, 1 High
Naha et al., 2005 Moderate N0 Yes , 1 High
Saaramen et al., 1987 Low NO no low
Telisman et al., 2000 Moderate Yes , 1 Yes , 2 Moderate
Wijesekara et al., 2020 Moderate Yes , 1 NO Moderate