Table 5. Grade evidence profile for live birth, clinical pregnancy and pregnancy loss comparing hyaluronic acid enriched medium vs. standard 4 medium for embryo transfer
A.Comparative Summary of Outcomes and Overall Certainty
Outcome No. of Studies HA Enriched Medium
(n/N %)
Standard Medium (n/N %) Relative Effect (RR, G5% CI) Absolute Effect
(per 1000)
Overall Certainty
Live birth 11 803/2026 (39.6%) 697/2037 (34.2%) RR 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) 48 more (from 3 fewer
to 106 more)
⨁◯◯◯Very low a,b,c,d
Clinical Pregnancy 20 1157/2487 (46.5%) 990/2485 (39.8%) RR 1.17 (1.06 to 1.29) 68 more (from 24 more to 116 more) ⨁◯◯◯Very low a,b,d
Pregnancy loss 9 103/736 (14.0%) 122/647 (18.9%) RR 0.75 (0.55 to 1.02) 47 fewer (from 85 fewer
to 4 more)
⨁◯◯◯Very low a,e
B. Details of Certainty Assessment (GRADE Factors)
Outcome Study Design Risk of Bias Inconsistency Indirectness Imprecision Publication Bias
Live birth Randomised trials Serious a Serious b not serious Serious c none
Clinical Pregnancy Randomised trials Serious a Serious b not serious Serious c none
Pregnancy loss Randomised trials Serious a not serious not serious very serious d none

CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio; a: Serious risk of bias; b: Serious inconsistency; c: Serious imprecision; d: Very serious imprecision; e: Refers to the specific imprecision factor for pregnancy loss.