Figure 1. Evaluation of serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the experimental groups. Data are expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was performed using Tukey’s post-hoc test. Columns marked with identical superscript letters (a, b, or ab) indicate no significant differences between those groups (p=0.05), whereas different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).