| Table 1. Laboratory, Imaging, and Genetic Investigations | ||||
| 10 May | Semen analysis 1 | Azoospermia (no spermatozoa seen even after centrifugation 3000 x g for 15 min) | WHO 6th edition ( |
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| 05 July | Semen analysis 2 (repeat) | Azoospermia - confirmed | WHO 6th edition ( |
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| 08 June | Endocrine profile - FSH - LH - Testosterone - Prolactin - TSH |
74.3 mIU/mL 38.4 mIU/mL 344.8 ng/dL (11.9 nmol/L) 7.6 ng/mL 2.14 mIU/L |
1.5-12 mIU/mL 1.7-8.6 mIU/mL 300-1000 ng/dL (10.4-34.7 nmol/L) 4-15 ng/mL 0.4-4.0 mIU/mL |
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| 02 June | Scrotal ultrasonography | Bilaterally small testes (right 3.2 mL, left 2.8 mL) with microlithiasis; epididymides normal; no varicocele | High-resolution scrotal USG | |
| 12 July | Karyotype (G-banded 550-resolution) | 46,XX (normal female karyotype, no structural abnormality) | NABL-accredited lab | |
| 18 July | FISH (SRY probe) | Absence of SRY signal; no translocation to X or autosomes detected | SRY (Yp11.31, orange); DYZ1 (Yq12, green); DXZ1 (Xp11.1-q11.1, blue) | |