| Table 1. Post-thaw Sperm Quality Parameters in Different Treatment Conditions (Mean±SD, n=40) | ||||||
| Parameter | Control | Curcumin (20μm) | L-Carnitine (100μm) | Combination (CUR + LC) | Significant differences (Tukey test) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive motility (%) | 15.70±2.36 | 25.20±2.63 | 20.83±2.97 | 26.23±2.25 | < 0.001 | Combination > Control, LC; Curcumin > Control |
| Viability (%) | 20.28±2.70 | 29.35±2.88 | 22.63±2.88 | 28.83±2.34 | < 0.001 | Curcumin & Combination > Control, LC |
| Morphologically normal sperm (%) | 7.15±0.03 | 7.16±0.03 | 7.15±0.03 | 7.16±0.02 | 0.64 | n.s. (no significant difference) |
| MDA (nmol/mL) | 9.63±0.03 | 7.26±0.03 | 8.11±0.02 | 6.54±0.03 | < 0.001 | All groups differ; Combination
|
| DNA fragmentation index (DFI, %) | 31.00±2.49 | 24.38±2.12 | 28.60±2.27 | 21.80±2.93 | < 0.001 | Combination < Curcumin < Control < LC |
Footnotes:
*Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD).
†Statistical analysis performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.
‡Significance threshold set at p<0.01. §n.s., not significant.