Table 3. Multinomial logistic regression analyses between maternal BMI and miscarriage, prematurity, and birth weight
OR 95% CI p-value
Abortion - Term <0.001
G1 vs. G2 3.63e-5 -554.238 - 533.793 0.971
G3 vs. G2 1.575 -0.371 - 1.280 0.281
Preterm - Term <0.001
G1 vs. G2 5.06e-5 -574.707 - 288.176 0.973
G3 vs. G2 1.444 -0.605 - 1.339 0.459
Post-term - Term 0.976
G1 vs. G2 0.599 30.240 - 15.691 0.974
G3 vs. G2 392495.102 -1050.814 - 542.711 0.981
Low birth wight - Normal <0.001
G1 vs. G2 3.63e-5 -554.238 - 533.793 0.971
G3 vs. G2 1.575 -0.371 - 1.280 0.281
Macrosomia - Normal <0.001
G1 vs. G2 5.06e-5 -574.707 - 288.176 0.973
G3 vs. G2 1.444 -0.605 - 1.339 0.459

G1, group 1 (underweight); G2, group 2 (eutrophic); G3, group 3 (overweight); OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
Source: Authors, 2025.