| Table 1. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics of the studied participants | ||||
| Demographic and Baseline Characteristic | Overall (n = 172) | Hypo-responder group (n = 50) | Normo-/hyper-responder group (n = 122) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 32 (29,35) | 32 (30,35) | 32 (29,34) | 0.523 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.45 (52.70,65.40) | 58.75 (52.90,65.70) | 58.00 (52.60,65.00) | 0.879 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.37 (20.56,26.49) | 23.40 (20.59,26.32) | 23.30 (20.53,27.03) | 0.630 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79 (71.91) | 79 (70.90) | 79 (71.91) | 0.517 |
| Infertility duration (years) | 4 (2.7) | 4.5 (2.7) | 4 (2.7) | 0.825 |
| Type of Infertility [n(%)] | ||||
| Primary | 130 (75.6%) | 37 (74.0%) | 93 (76.2%) | |
| Secondary | 42 (24.4%) | 13 (26.0%) | 29 (23.8%) | 0.845 |
| History of miscarriage [n(%)] | 8 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (6.6%) | 0.107 |
| Medical history [n(%)] | 66 (38.4%) | 23 (46.0%) | 43 (35.2%) | 0.227 |
| Years since PCOS diagnosis [n(%)] | ||||
| ≥2 years (2023 and below) | 40 (23.3%) | 7 (14.0%) | 33 (27.0%) | |
| <2 years (2024-2025) | 132 (76.7%) | 43 (86.0%) | 89 (73.0%) | 0.075 |
| Surgical history [n(%)] | 50 (29.1%) | 19 (38.0%) | 31 (25.4%) | 0.138 |
| Allergies [n(%)] | 12 (7.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | 9 (7.4%) | 1.000 |
| Pap smear [n(%)] | 40 (23.3%) | 11 (22.0%) | 29 (23.8%) | 0.845 |
| Contraception [n(%)] | 5 (2.9%) | 2 (4.0%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.629 |
| Menstrual cycle Regularity | ||||
| Regular | 118 (69.4%) | 39 (78.0%) | 79 (65.8%) | |
| Irregular | 52 (30.6%) | 11 (22.0%) | 41 (34.2%) | 0.145 |
| Blood pressure [n(%)] | ||||
| Normal | 86 (59.7%) | 24 (60.0%) | 62 (59.6%) | |
| Hypertension | 58 (40.3%) | 16 (40.0%) | 42 (40.4%) | 1.000 |
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| Basal Estradiol (pg/mL) | 36.84 (29.09,44.58) | 37.67 (33.00,45.00) | 36.03 (27.69,44.21) | 0.367 |
| Basal FSH (mIU/mL) | 6.03 (4.96,7.00) | 6.72 (5.50,7.83) | 5.80 (4.90,6.68) | 0.001 |
| Basal Progesterone (ng/mL) | 0.15 (0.08,0.24) | 0.15 (0.10,0.28) | 0.14 (0.07,0.22) | 0.123 |
| Basal LH | 6 (4.26,7.80) | 4.80 (4.00,7.00) | 6.24 (4.30,8.46) | 0.040 |
| AMH (ng/mL) | 4.55 (3.16,7.01) | 3.15 (2.18,4.37) | 5.23 (3.73,7.80) | <0.001 |
| Basal AFC | 17 (14,20) | 14 (11,17) | 19 (15,20) | <0.001 |
| Estradiol on trigger day (pg/mL) | 4386 (2537,6608) | 2504 (1757,4207) | 5202 (3431,7618) | <0.001 |
| Progesterone on trigger day(ng/mL) | 0.84 (0.51,1.27) | 0.59 (0.40,1.15) | 0.96 (0.58,1.29) | 0.008 |
| Sex hormone binding globulin(nmol/L) | 51.55 (34.08,70.90) | 58.25 (37.84,77.89) | 50.68 (31.15,68.78) | 0.216 |
| Total testosterone (ng/mL) | 0.28 (0.19,0.38) | 0.30 (0.19,0.37) | 0.27 (0.19,0.38) | 0.803 |
| Free Androgen Index (FAI) | 1.94 (1.09,3.30) | 1.76 (1.09,2.77) | 2.04 (1.08,3.38) | 0.452 |
| Random glucose | 85 (78,94.7) | 86.15 (79.50,94.50) | 85 (78,94.7) | 0.542 |
| Number of retrieved oocytes | 14 (10,21) | 9 (6,11) | 17 (14,24) | <0.001 |
| Number of mature oocytes | 11 (7,15) | 6 (5,7) | 13 (10,17) | <0.001 |
| Endometrial thickness | 10.8 (9.2,13.0) | 10.5 (9.3,12.0) | 10.8 (9.2,13.0) | 0.589 |
| Starting dose (IU) | 225 (150,300) | 225 (150,300) | 225 (150,300) | 0.993 |
| Stimulation duration (days) | 9 (8,9) | 8 (8,8) | 9 (8,9) | 0.155 |
| Total gonadotropin usage (IU) | 2025 (1500,2400) | 1987.5 (1500,2400) | 2025 (1500,2400) | 0.876 |
Note: nonnormally distributed data are presented as median (q1,q3), and the Mann-Whitney U test is used. Data are presented as the number of subjects and percentage [n (%)], and chi-square tests are used for the categorical variable. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. BMI: body mass index; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone; IU: international unit.