Table 1. Relevant Scientific References (2021–2025)
Reference Year Infectious Agent(s) Main Findings
Keikha et al. 2023 Chlamydia trachomatis Indicates that C. trachomatis infections are associated with sperm dysfunction and poor semen quality.
Le et al. 2022 Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium Detected these agents in semen and assessed their effects on sperm quality.
Xianchun et al. 2023 Ureaplasma urealyticum Found an association with lower sperm concentration and progressive motility.
Bai et al. 2021 Mycoplasma genitalium Linked MG infections with low sperm concentration and motility.
Eini et al. 2021 Bacterial infections Correlated bacterial infections with leukocytospermia and impaired semen quality.