| Supplementary Appendix S1. TRUST-PAPER summary Status: research prototype; assisted reproduction; not externally validated. Core rules: score explicit documentary evidence rather than overall impression; lock estimand, outcome hierarchy and denominator before scoring; do not reward statistical significance; do not convert non-significance into equivalence; assess CF1-CF10 independently; apply critical-flaw ceilings after the raw score; and retain a P marker for unresolved critical issues. |
|
| Code | Critical flaw |
|---|---|
| CF1 | Outcome/estimand substitution |
| CF2 | Material denominator distortion |
| CF3 | Assignment failure or uncontrolled confounding |
| CF4 | Post-assignment selection/informative attrition |
| CF5 | Material statistical error |
| CF6 | Outcome switching/multiplicity-driven claim |
| CF7 | Equivalence/non-inferiority overclaim |
| CF8 | Data integrity/overlap/internal inconsistency |
| CF9 | PGT-A strategy fallacy |
| CF10 | Definitive claim from laboratory surrogate |