Received October 20, 2008
Accepted November 10, 2008

Adenomyosis is a disease in which endometrial glands and stroma are present within the myometrium, with different degrees and extension. The incidence of adenomyosis is around 20 – 30%. The gold standard diagnosis is the histological examination of the uterus obtained by hysterectomy. Among the non-invasive methods, the magnetic resonance imaging has the best accuracy. The major symptoms of adenomyosis are dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. There are also evidences that adenomyosis acts as a cause of infertility with or without endometriosis association. Adenomyosis infertility causing factors are still unknown. The major factor related in literature is the impaired sperm transport caused by uterine dysperistalsis or hyperperistalsis. Immunological factors and impaired embryo implantation are mentioned but recent studies suggest that the implantation rates in in vitro fertilization cycles are the same in adenomyosis patients.