Received November 25, 2007
Accepted April 05, 2009

Recovery of testicular spermatozoa from azoospermic patients with testicular failure followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a recent advance in the treatment of male infertility. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) also known as Mullerian inhibiting substance or factor, is a Sertoli cell-secreted glycoprotein responsible in male embryos for Mullerian duct regression. However, its role in adults remains unknown. In the adult, AMH is secreted preferentially towards the seminiferous lumen. Although its relationship with spermatogenesis requires further investigation, AMH may represent a non-invasive marker of persistent hypospermatogenesis in cases of non- obstructive azoospermia which may indicate the likely success of testicular spermatozoa recovery before intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The testis is the only source of inhibin B that is a direct product of the Sertoli cells and appears to be a good marker of spermatogenesis. Several papers have shown that inhibin B concentration is directly related to spermatogenesis, and serum inhibin B concentration was related to the success or failure of testicular sperm recovery in men with nonobstructive azoospermia However, no single parameter can provide a perfect discrimination between the groups with successful and failed testicular sperm extraction (TESE). This study aimed at investigating which parameter may predict successful testicular sperm recovery.