Received November 26, 2025
Accepted August 21, 2026

Objective: To assess whether diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of chronic endometritis improve reproductive outcomes in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss or recurrent implantation failure. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including 67 women with recurrent pregnancy loss or recurrent implantation failure. Chronic endometritis was diagnosed in 30 patients (44.8%) based on hysteroscopic findings, CD138-positive histology, or positive endometrial culture. All patients diagnosed with chronic endometritis received first-line antibiotic therapy, primarily doxycycline 200 mg/day for 14 days. Results: Following antibiotic therapy, 17 patients (56.7%) achieved a clinical pregnancy, and 12 (40%) achieved a live birth. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (60% and 40%, respectively) and those with recurrent implantation failure (55% and 40%, respectively), with no statistically significant differences between patients with resolved versus persistent chronic endometritis (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotic treatment for chronic endometritis did not significantly improve reproductive outcomes in this study. The heterogeneity of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches highlights the need for standardized criteria and well-designed prospective studies to clarify its clinical relevance.