Received March 29, 2026
Accepted April 13, 2026

Objective: Obstetric complications remain a major contributor to maternal morbidity. However, population-based risk profiling approaches integrating reproductive characteristics, maternal knowledge, and previous complication history are limited. This study aimed to develop a population-level risk profiling framework using nationwide data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey and to assess the contribution of key determinants to complication risk. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI 2023). Obstetric complications were defined as a composite outcome including pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum complications. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results: The model demonstrated good statistical fit and stable population-level risk estimates. Five variables remained significant predictors. A history of previous obstetric complications was the strongest determinant (aOR 3.55; 95% CI 3.31–3.78). Low knowledge of pregnancy danger signs (aOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.53–1.80) and postpartum danger signs (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06–1.23) increased the risk of complications. High-risk parity was moderately associated with complications (aOR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13–1.28), as was incomplete antenatal care utilization (aOR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17). Conclusion: Obstetric complications are associated with previous complication history, maternal knowledge, and reproductive factors. These findings support the use of simple indicators for population-level risk profiling.