Received November 21, 2019
Accepted May 31, 2020

This integrative review evaluated the causes of infertility most commonly diagnosed in men and women in Brazil, as well as the medically assisted reproduction technologies commonly employed in these cases. The search strategies were performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, including Medline; Scopus; Web of Science and LILACS), and two grey literature (Google Scholar and OpenGrey), guided by the focused question: “What are the main factors responsible for male and female infertility in Brazil and what are its relationships with the success rates after assisted reproduction treatment?”. Interventional or observational studies were included, without limitation on the language or year of publication. The searches in the electronic indexers recovered a total of 1,119 articles, and after analysis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles composed the body of analysis of this review. These studies were grouped into four thematic categories: factors responsible for male and female infertility, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used in the treatment for infertility, assisted reproduction procedures, and clinical predictors of success rates in ART. Despite the scarcity of studies analyzing the association between infertility and assisted reproductive technologies in Brazil, it was possible to infer that the most prevalent infertility in women was endometriosis, while in the men it was the azoospermia. The most widely assisted reproductive technology applied in the country has been the intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa (ICSI), for ensuring better success rates both in the treatment of infertility conditions for women and men.